<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">The </span><em style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" class="">IRIS Toxicological Review of Perfluorobutanoic Acid (PFBA) and Related Compound Ammonium Perfluorobutanoic Acid</em><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> was released for public comment and external peer review in August 2021. The IRIS (U.S. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System</span>)</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> assessment of PFBA will undergo an independent external scientific peer review managed by Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), a contractor to EPA. Additional information about the peer review will be posted on the IRIS website. Additionally, the same peer review panel will conduct all five (5) PFAS IRIS assessments.</span><div class=""><font color="#212121" face="Source Sans Pro, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></font></div><div class=""><h3 class="pane-title" style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-size: 1.7rem; border-width: 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(91, 97, 107); padding: 1.6rem 1.7rem 1.3rem; background-color: rgb(91, 97, 107); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</h3><div id="bkgd" style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.85rem; caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""></div><div class="pane-content" style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 1px 1px 4px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(91, 97, 107); margin: 0px; padding: 1.7rem; font-size: 1.5rem; caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; padding-bottom: 0px;" class="">Perfluorobutanoic Acid (PFBA, CASRN 375-224) and its related salt (ammonium perfluorobutanoic acid [NH4+PFBA], CASRN 10495-86-0) are members of the group of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Concerns about PFBA and other PFAS stem from the resistance of these compounds to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation, which leads to their persistence in the environment. PFAS are not naturally occurring in the environment; they are man-made compounds that have been used widely over the past several decades in consumer products and industrial applications because of their resistance to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water.<br style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><br style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box;" class="">PFBA is a breakdown product of other PFAS that are used in stain-resistant fabrics, paper food packaging, and carpets; it is also used for manufacturing photographic film, and it is used as a substitute for longer chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in consumer products. PFBA has been found to accumulate in agricultural crops and has been detected in household dust, soils, food products, and surface, ground, and drinking water.<br style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><br style="transition: background-color 0.25s linear, border-color 0.25s linear, box-shadow 0.25s linear, color 0.25s linear, opacity 0.25s linear, text-shadow 0.25s linear, transform 0.25s linear; box-sizing: border-box;" class="">As such, exposure is possible via inhalation of indoor or outdoor air, ingestion of drinking water and food, and dermal contact with PFBA-containing products.</div></div></div><div class=""><font color="#212121" face="Source Sans Pro, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></font><div class="">See <a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris_drafts/recordisplay.cfm?deid=350051" class="">https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris_drafts/recordisplay.cfm?deid=350051</a> </div><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div>—</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Lenny Siegel<br class="">Executive Director<br class="">Center for Public Environmental Oversight<br class="">A project of the Pacific Studies Center<br class=""><a href="mailto:LSiegel@cpeo.org" class="">LSiegel@cpeo.org</a><br class="">P.O. Box 998, Mountain View, CA 94042<br class="">Voice/Fax: 650-961-8918<br class="">http://www.cpeo.org</div><div>Author:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">DISTURBING THE WAR: The Inside Story of the Movement to Get Stanford University out of Southeast Asia - 1965–1975</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(See <a href="http://a3mreunion.org" class="">http://a3mreunion.org</a>)</div></div></div>
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